Assad’s army fell apart due to unmotivated troops and unreliable allies

Many soldiers, largely conscripts, were unmotivated and unprepared for the prolonged conflict. Facing harsh conditions, a lack of clear purpose, and overwhelming opposition, morale among troops dwindled. This was exacerbated by high desertion rates, as many conscripts either fled the battlefield or defected to opposition groups.

Additionally, the Syrian government found itself increasingly isolated. Key allies were either unable or unwilling to provide consistent and effective support. Without dependable reinforcements or a steady supply of resources, the army struggled to maintain its footing in a conflict that demanded sustained effort and coordination

Ultimately, the combination of internal dissatisfaction among troops and external abandonment left the Syrian army vulnerable, leading to its gradual collapse in various regions